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Giro d'Italia 1993 : the real numbers of doping |
The table below establishes, team by team, the count of the riders who have been or will be subsequently "pinned" in doping cases.
Teams | Riders | Pinned | Top 10 | Pinned | Podium | Pinned |
Banesto | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Amore & Vita | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Artiach | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Carrera | 9 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Castorama | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ariostea | 9 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Eldor | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lotus | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gan | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gatorade | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Jolly | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kelme | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lampre | 9 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Mecair | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Mercatone Uno | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GB-MG | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Motorola | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Navigare | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Telekom | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
ZG Mobili | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 180 | 67 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
Pourcentage | 37% | 60% | 100% |
Pinned: Number of riders who violated the anti-doping rules.
Included in this category: riders who have been tested positive (including refuse to submit to doping control or hematocrit> 50%), having acknowledged having doped, having been sanctioned (by the justice, their federation or their team).
Not included (for example) : those whose sample B was negative.
Top 10: number of riders present in the top 10 of the final general classification.
Podium: number of riders present in the first 3 of the final general classification.
Other data :
Ranking source : www.tour-giro-vuelta.net (11/11/2010)
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction
The ranking as it would be if we excluded all racers "pinned" in doping cases during their career.
The list of participants by team
45 years of existence, 29 cases, ie 0,64 per year
1. Indurain Miguel 1994 : positive control (no penalty)
2. Arrieta José-luis 2001 : police investigation (sanction not known)
3. De Las Cuevas Armand 1995 : border control ; 2006 : positive control
4. De Santos Arribas José-luis
5. Heulot Stéphane 1999 : police investigation (no penalty)
6. Indurain Prudencio
7. Philipot Fabrice
8. Rue Gérard
9. San Roman Martin Francisco Ignacio
33 years of existence, 9 cases, ie 0,27 per year
11. Barsotelli Gian Luigi
12. Giraldi Stefano
13. Calcaterra Giuseppe 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
14. Forconi Riccardo 1998 : positive control ; 2001 : positive control
15. Galati Vincenzo
16. Massi Rodolfo 1998 : in the act ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 (sanction not known)
17. Milan Flavio
18. Molinari Maurizio
19. Risi Bruno
12 years of existence, 3 cases, ie 0,25 per year
21. Clavero Sebastian Daniel 1998 : blood test ; 2001 : police investigation
22. Chozas Eduardo
23. Espinosa Sepulv. Luis-edgar
24. Neves Da Silva Americo
25. Rodrigues Gomes Orlando Sergio
26. Gutierrez Gutierrez Alfonso
27. Miranda Gonzales Carmelo
28. Navarro Tatay Asencio
29. Ridaura Sebastian Vicente-juan
21 years of existence, 11 cases, ie 0,52 per year
31. Chiappucci Claudio 1993 : police investigation ; 1997 : blood test ; 1997 : blood test
32. Roche Stephen 1993 : police investigation
33. Bontempi Guido 1987 : positive control ; 1993 : police investigation
34. Pantani Marco 1993 : medical control (sanction not known) ; 1995 : medical control + poursuites judiciaires ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 1999 : blood test ; 2001 : in the act
35. Pulnikov Vladimir
36. Rossi Remo
37. Roscioli Fabio
38. Chiesa Mario 1993 : police investigation (no penalty)
39. Tafi Andrea 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
24 years of existence, 22 cases, ie 0,92 per year
41. Leblanc Luc 1993 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
42. Bourguignon Thierry
43. Bouvatier Philippe
44. Magnien Emmanuel 1998 : blood control (sanction not known) ; 2000 : positive control
45. Desbiens Laurent 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1996 : positive control ; 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
46. Madouas Laurent 1994 : positive control
47. Brochard Laurent 1991 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : confessions in 2000 (no penalty) ; 1998 : confessions in 1998 ; 1998 : positive control
48. Rezze Dante
49. Thibout Bruno
10 years of existence, 2 cases, ie 0,2 per year
51. Casartelli Fabio
52. Cenghialta Bruno 199x : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
53. Conti Roberto 2002 : in the act
54. Furlan Giorgio 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known)
55. Lelli Massimiliano
56. Cassani Davide
57. Riis Bjarne 198x : confessions in 2010 (no penalty) ; 1993 : confessions in 2007 ; 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
58. Saligari Marco
59. Santaromita Mauro-antonio 1997 : blood test ; 199x : blood test (no penalty)
61. Giovannetti Marco
62. Consonni Mauro
63. Della Santa Stefano
64. Gelfi Luca
65. Gonzalez Salvador Juan-carlos
66. Hernandez Calvo Santos
67. Nicoletti Dario
68. Bontempi Fabrizio
69. Teteriouk Andrei
71. Van Aert Jos
72. Boden Falk
73. Finco Carlo
74. Gainetdinov Romes
75. Pinero Gallego Fernando
76. Manuylov Yuri
77. Perez Font Xavier
78. Van Lancker Eric
79. Rooks Steven 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty) ; 1989 : confessions in 1998 & 2009 (no penalty)
67 years of existence, 75 cases, ie 1,12 per year
81. Aubier Nicolas 1996 : confessions in 1997 (no penalty)
82. Bezault Laurent
83. Capelle Christophe
84. Casado Philippe
85. Garel Hervé 1992 : confessions in 1998 (no penalty)
86. Lemond Greg
87. Moreau Francis 1996 : positive control
88. Seigneur Eddy
89. Simon Jérome
18 years of existence, 10 cases, ie 0,56 per year
91. Bugno Gianni 1994 : positive control ; 1997 : judicial investigation (no penalty) ; 1999 : in the act
92. Chiurato Andrea
93. Manzoni Mario 1998 : blood test
94. Rondon Vasquez Abelardo
95. Ruiz Cabestany Pello
96. Pellicioli Oscar
97. Scirea Mario 2004 : in the act
98. Zanatta Stefano
99. Tebaldi Valerio
27 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 0,48 per year
101. Bonca Walter
102. Botarelli Paolo
103. Nuzzi Maurizio
104. Konyshev Dimitri
105. Leclercq Jean-claude
106. Leoni Endrio 2001 : in the act ; 2002 : positive control
107. Maechler Erich
108. Mariuzzo Dario
109. Siboni Marcello 2001 : in the act
36 years of existence, 27 cases, ie 0,75 per year
111. Saitov Asiate
112. Buenahora Hernan 2006 : positive control ; 2008 : positive control
113. Mora Zarate Nestor
114. Farfan Pulido Jose-martin 1989 : positive control (sanction not known)
115. Martinez Diaz Juan-josé
116. Cadena Villejas Julio-cesar
117. Munoz Fernandez Federico 2004 : positive control
118. Moreno Torres Luis-felipe
119. Cabello Luque Francisco 1994 : positive control (5 times)
7 years of existence, 0 cases, ie 0 per year
121. Fondriest Maurizio
122. Bortolami Gianluca 1998 : confessions (sanction not known) ; 1999 : judicial search (sanction not known) ; 2000 : blood test (sanction not known) ; 2003 : positive control
123. Allocchio Stefano
124. Belli Wladimir
125. Da Silva Acacio 1984 : positive control
126. Gontchenkov Alexandre
127. Tonkov Pavel 1999 : blood test (sanction not known)
128. Svorada Jan
129. Zen Marco
5 years of existence, 13 cases, ie 2,6 per year
131. Argentin Moreno
132. Ugrumov Piotr 1995 : judicial investigation (sanction not known)
133. Volpi Alberto 1993 : positive control (no penalty) ; 1997 : absence to control (no penalty)
134. Imboden Heinz
135. Bottaro Dario
136. Berzin Evgueni 1997 : absence to control (no penalty) ; 2000 : blood test
137. Bobrik Vladislav
138. Martinelli Gianvito
139. Kappes Andreas 1997 : positive control ; 2000 : positive control (no penalty)
15 years of existence, 20 cases, ie 1,33 per year
141. Baffi Adriano
142. Bordonali Fabio
143. Piccoli Mariano 1999 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control (no penalty) ; 2001 : police investigation (no penalty) ; 2005 : police investigation (sanction not known) ; 2010 : police investigation ; 201x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
144. Casagrande Francesco 1998 : positive control ; 1998 : positive control ; 2004 : positive control
145. Giupponi Flavio 1988 : absence to control
146. Leali Bruno 2010 : police investigation
147. Van Der Poel Adri 1983 : positive control ; 1984 : positive control ; 1988 : journalistic investigation (no penalty)
148. Zaina Enrico
149. Petito Giuseppe
8 years of existence, 8 cases, ie 1 per year
151. Baldato Fabio
152. Chioccioli Franco
153. Jaskula Zenon 1993 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
154. Gusmeroli Roberto
155. Pillon Laurent
156. Vona Franco
157. Tchmil Andrei
158. Vanzella Flavio 1986 : positive control
159. Poli Eros 1986 : positive control
16 years of existence, 4 cases, ie 0,25 per year
161. Hampsten Andrew
162. Alvis Norman
163. Bauer Steve
164. Dernies Michel
165. Hundertmarck Kai
166. Larsen Steven
167. Manin Christophe
168. Mejia Castrillon Alvaro 1987 : positive control
169. Stenersen Bjorn
171. Pagnin Roberto
172. Zanini Stefano 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty) ; 2001 : in the act
173. Fontanelli Fabiano 1996 : positive control ; 2001 : blood test
174. Podenzana Massimo 1986 : positive control
175. Sheffr Alexandre
176. Ichikawa Masatoshi
177. Coppolillo Michele 1999 : positive control (no penalty)
178. Lom Lubos
179. Citracca Angelo
23 years of existence, 48 cases, ie 2,09 per year
181. Aldag Rolf 1995 : confessions in 2007 (no penalty)
182. Ampler Uwe 1993 : confessions in 1994 (no penalty) ; 1999 : positive control ; 1999 : confessions in 1999 (no penalty)
183. Bolts Udo 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known)
184. Grone Bernd
185. Heppner Jens 1998 : senate inquiry (no penalty)
186. Kummer Mario 1995 : police investigation (no penalty)
187. Raab Uwe 1991 : confessions in 1996 (no penalty)
188. Wesemann Steffen
189. Henn Christian 1995 : confessions in 2007 (sanction not known) ; 1999 : positive control
191. Sierra Leonardo
192. Ghirotto Massimo
193. Perini Giancarlo 199x : judicial investigation (no penalty)
194. Faresin Gianni 2000 : blood test
195. Colage Stefano 2021 : positive control
196. Moro Michele
197. Trepin Diego
198. Caruso Roberto
199. Rodriguez Chitiva Nelson
reports a rider who was sanctioned in a doping case
reports a rider pinned in our doping directory but who has not been sanctioned or whose we are not aware of the possible sanction